intracellular structure of procaryotes

Now we proceed to the intracellular structures of prokaryote. this topic also had been taught previous semester. So i class we just briefly things that we had learned throughout the lectures.

Dr Wan has asked us to do a short presentation about this topics. The class was divided into 6 groups based on the structures. We compiled everything in a padlet.

http://padlet.com/zuhainis/internal

my group were present about plasma membrane

passive transport can be divide into

1)simple difusssion(until equilibrium)

2)facilitated diffusion (aid of protein)-transporter-eg : glucose, fructose, amino acid

3)osmosis-difussion of water across the plasma membrane

Isotonic-no net water movement

Hypotonic(lysis)-water move into the cell , cell burst

Hypertonic(plasmolysis)-water move outside the cell, cell shrink

active process alco can be divide into two which are

-active transport(movement of molecule from low concentration to high concentration, against concentration gradient,used of ATP)

-group translocation-molecule chemically modified across the membrane,energy expended

We also even had a Q&A sessions.  My group did not do enough research about this topic. we did not managed to answer why group trnaslocation only occurs in prokaryotes? 

 i got a lot of information that cannot be read in the lecture note which is in inclusion part that have been presented by Dayana’s group.

Granule can be divide into

• ·         Metachromatic granule
• ·         polysaccharide granule
• ·         sulfur granules

vesicle also can be divide into

• ·         gas vacuole
• ·         carboxysome
• ·         magnetosome
• ·         lipid inclusion

• dayana's group have explain more on the alppha carboxysome and beta carboxysome. Alpha carboxysome-found in cyanobacteria, type I Rubisco,genes arrange in single operator. in comparison Beta carboxyxome-larger than alpha carboxysome, type II Rubisco, gene arrange in multiple gene cluster.

the most importnat part in intracellular structure of procaryotes is endospore presented by Mayling's group.endospore  cannot be destroyed easily, highly resistance to heat,chemical and radiation. here is the cycle of formation of endospore that have be explained by Atikah and Mayling during the presentation.

cell wall and membrane structure of procaryotes

Hi guys !
today we just continue with the subtopic two which is cell wall and membrane structure of procaryotes. What we learn from this topic also had been taught on lecture from previous semester.Briefly whats important part in this topic are: structure and function of cell wall and membrane structure like glycocalyx, flagella, axial filaments, fimbrae and pili.

Dr wan also taugh us the comparison and contrast of cell wall between Gram +ve bacteria and Gram -ve bacteria.
Here is the website that will help our understanding on gram positive and gram negative bacteria differences.

but there is bacteria with Atypical cell wall such as Mycoplasma(small bacteria)

·         no wall or little wall material

·         sterol give rigidity to membrane

·         can pass through bacteria filter

besides that, another important thing is the gram + and gram - archae . i con conclude the comparison of gram + and gram - bacteria as:

                                                            Gram +archae                    gram –archae

Outer membrane                                            -                                              /

Complex peptidoglycan network                      -                                              /

Surface with protein or glycoprotein                 /                                              -

new semester begin people !

Starting a new semester as second year student is quite tough with phisiology of microbe where i will learn about the metabolism involved in the microbes . the first chapter we recall the structures of the prokaryotes that we already learn in last semester.have you still remember what is prokaryotes ?

What is prokaryotes?

Prokaryotes consist of bacteria and archea that lack or nucleus, or membrane bounded organelles,most unicellular but myxobacter have multicellular life cycle.

• ·         Bacteria(cell wall with muramic acid,membrane-ester-linkage,lipid bilayer,thymidine in tRNA)

• ·         Archaea(cell wall w/o muramic acid,membrane-ether-linkage,lipid monolayer,w/o thymidine in tRNA)

this is cell structure of procaryote

here is the function of the cell structure

1)capsule-additional cover that protect cell when it is engulf by another organism, moisture help to adhere to surface and nutrient

2)cell wall-protect the bacteria and give shape

3)cytoplasm-gel like structure mainly of water contain enzyme, salt, cell component, various organic molecule

4)plasma membrane- regulate the flow of substance in and out of cell

5)pili, fimbriae-hair like structure on the surface of cell, attach to another bacteria cell, help attachment

6)flagella-locomotion

7)ribosome-synthesis protein

8)plasmid-carrying gene, circular DNA

My friends and i were asked by Dr Wan to do some research about the types of proteobacteria. Proteobacteria is the largest division of bacteria.
It consist of 6 main groups which are:-

1. Epsilon

2. Delta proteobacteria

3. Gamma proteobacteria

4. Beta proteobacteria

5. Alpha proteobacteria

6. Zeta proteobacteria 
More information about these proteobacteria can be refered by this link below :

http://padlet.com/zuhainis/proteo

 I enjoyed learned this topic as i can remember the first semester topic as the structures of the Prokaryotes are very important in order to be easier for us to understand the further topics.