week6,14 october lecture

Tuesday ,14 october  we learn about algae. We have to bring our own note of algae and fungi topics and shared it into edmodo . By that way we can read different sources of notes from our friends . In kingdom Protista we have 2 major group which is algae and protozoa . Algae is plant like but do not have vascular system and grow in moist habitats. Algae have a great variety of forms, sizes and colors. Some are simple colonies with many cells, some are filamentous, tubular, meshed, membranous or saccate algae. Algae can be classified into seven phyla which is Chrysophyta , Euglenophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta. Reproduction of algae is asexually reproduction and sexual reproduction .

This is the main characteristics and differences between blue-green algae（Cyanophyta）、green algae（Chlorophyta）、brown algae（Phaeophyta）and red algae（Rhodophyta）:

Phylum Pigment Photosynthetic product(s) Cell wall Flagellum Cell nucleus Form Note Green algae (Chlorophyta) chlorophyll a and b, α, β-carotene, lutein starch cellulose biflagellate; equal in length; apical Yes unicellular, colonies or multicellular Widely distributed; both terrestrial and marine, ca.1,200 species worldwide. Brown algae (Phaeophyta) chlorophyll a and c, fucoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein laminaran, mannitol cellulose, alginate biflagellate; not equal in length; lateral or not flagellum Yes multicellular 99.7% marine, ca. 2,000 species worldwide. Red algae (Rhodophyta) chlorophyll a,d; a, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, α, β-carotene floridean starch Cellulose, carrageenan or agarose No Yes Uni- or multi-cellular 98% marine, ca. 6,000 species worldwide. Blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) Chlorophylla; phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, β-carotene, lutein glycogen, cyanophycean starch glycoprotein cellulose No No unicellular; colonies Mostly freshwater (75%), some marine.

Cholophyta

Rhodophoda

Phaeophyta

Chrysophyta

Pyrrophyta

Euglenophyta

Slime molds is resemble fungi in appearance and life style . slime molds have three division which is Myxomycota, Acrosiomycota and Peronosporomycetes.

happy mid sem holiday to dr.wan and my microbiology friends . Have a great time with your beloved family . See you soon . Take care dr. :*

FRIDAY,10 OCT

Friday,10 october . We having test 1 at 8.30 a.m at biotech2.2 . Questions quite challenging but I try to do a best . We continue lecture but not really a formal lecture because we need to working in a group to make a best technique for study . We have chosen mind map technique and do on protozoa . other group showed very interesting technique like Choy’s group they sang on protozoa song to ease understanding on protozoa . Very impressive facts about protozoa that i get to know from today's are

- Protozoa are notable for their ability to move independently.

- Protozoa are located in most moist habitats, Free-living species inhabit freshwater and marine environments, and terrestrial species inhabit decaying organic matter. Some species are parasites of plants and animals.

- Protozoa vary substantially in size and shape. Smaller species may be the size of fungal cell . larger species may be visible to the unaided eye.

- Protozoa are heterotrophic microorganisms, and most species obtain large food particles by phagocytosis. The food particle is ingested into a food vacuole. Lysosomal enzymes then digest the nutrients in the particle, and the products of digestion are distributed throughout the cell.

-major group in protozoa is Archaezoa, Rhizopoda, Cilliophora, and Apicomplexa

Example of archaezoa

                                                            Trypanosoma

Example of rhizopoda

   

                                                              amoebae

Example of ciliophora

                                                             paramecium

Example of apicomplexa

                                                                plasmodium

this is very interesting protozoa song 

WEEK 5, TUESDAY LECTURE

Tuesday, the third day of Hari Raya Aidil Adha we have a first lecture in the morning . I had arrived in Upm at 5.30 a.m after 11 hours in the bus from Kelantan to Upm.  Very tired day actually. But after dr. came with food into class, we are excited to start the class . We continue with intracellular structure of prokaryote in inclusion which can be divide into seven type of inclusion . The seven type of inclusion is metachromatic granules, polysaccharide granules , lipid inclusion , sulfur granules ,carboxysomes , magnetosomes and gas vacuoles.Polysaccharide granule contain glycogen and starch which can be differentiate by using iodine . Carboxysomes is used for carbon dioxide fixation. The other names for this process is Celvin cycle . In microbinutrient , if the source of energy we have phototrophic bacteria , and if in chemical  we have heterotrophic bacteria . Magnetosomes function to protect the cell against hydrogen peroxide accumulation . Hydrogen peroxide also use in human dye hair . Gas vesicle is for buoyancy that consist of thin membrane surrounding a hallow space .

Lastly about endospore that resting in harsh condition and germinate when the condition that are suitable for them. We had asked to open padlet to share the name of microb for adopt a microb project . and we had to answers a few online objective  question . We enjoy the day by eating rendang dr. homemade .  Thank you so much dr :*

lets watch the video